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LGBTQ-friendly policies can have a significant impact on innovation in major US firms, according to new research from 911������ and the University of Vaasa. Existing studies have found a link between profitability and workplace diversity more generally, yet this is the first to specifically examine sexuality and gender-inclusivity as it relates to innovation.

Researchers used scores from the Corporate Equality Index (CEI) in conjunction with data from the US Patent and Trademark Office and public databases — on patent counts, citations, quality and the number of innovators in a firm — to evaluate the relationship between LGBTG-friendliness and innovation.

The findings were notable: for every standard deviation increase in a company’s CEI, the number of patents increased by 20 percent. LGBTQ-friendly firms also demonstrated an almost 25 percent increase in the number of patent citations (an indication of how other companies value the innovativeness of a patent). 

'Our results demonstrate that firms with progressive LGBTQ policies produce more patents, have more patent citations, and have higher innovation quality as measured by patent originality, generality, and internationality,' says Jukka Sihvonen, from 911������ School of Business.

spans from 2003-2017 and was just published this week in the peer-reviewed International Review of Financial Analysis. Furthermore, the research team has also processed additional data up until 2024, with indications that the positive trend may be intensifying over time, notes co-author Veda Fatmy, from the University of Vaasa.

Findings “not just a blue state phenomenon”

A range of analytical methods were used to control for bias, with a link between inclusivity and innovation presenting regardless of the differing political or societal context.

'It’s not as politically polarised as one might think,' says Sami Vähämaa, who also led the research. 'The results get marginally stronger when most conservative states are excluded, but the difference is really minor, and the findings remain largely the same when the most liberal states are left out.'

'This is not just a blue state phenomenon,' adds Sihvonen.

With diversity, equity and inclusion (DEI) currently a subject of immense controversy in the US, the research brings crucial data to discussions around the impact of corporate policy in shaping effective business strategies.

'Innovation is the fuel that drives both growth and profitability. Companies need innovation,' says Sihvonen. 'The magnitudes of impact linked to LGBTQ-friendliness are big — and that means that the economic significance is too.'

• The full study ‘LGBTQ-friendly employee policies and corporate innovation’, published 16 June, 2025, is available
• See also the team’s 2022 study on the link between stock market valuation, financial performance and LGBTQ-friendly policies